Data Movement And Conversion

These instructions copy, transfer, clear, load, or bind register values. Scalar loads change only their named payload unless stated otherwise; full-value copy and move include every payload, attribute, type, flag, and reference association.

acopy

Copy the complete status-flag word between values.

Forms

Opcode	Form	Effect
0x000d	acopy rDestination,rSource	Copy all internal and public flags.

Operands And Semantics

Only rDestination’s status word changes. This includes VM-private validity flags as well as compiler, library, user, and reserved bands; payloads, attributes, and type metadata are untouched. The source is unchanged.

Signals

This instruction does not signal.

Example

.globals=0

main() .locals=2
    setortp r1,65536
    acopy r0,r1
    ret

Related

copy, icopy, scopy, gettp.

copy

Deep-copy a complete value while leaving the source intact.

Forms

Opcode	Form	Effect
0x0008	copy rDestination,rSource	Replace destination with an independent copy.

Operands And Semantics

The destination’s existing storage is replaced by copies of scalar, decimal, string and binary payloads, attributes recursively, object type, status flags, and reference payload/identity state. Mutable buffers and attributes are not aliased to the source. Self-copy is safe.

Signals

There is no translated VM signal; allocation failure is fatal.

Example

.globals=0

main() .locals=2
    load r1,"value"
    copy r0,r1
    ret

Related

move, load, acopy.

erase

Reset a register to the VM’s empty value state.

Forms

Opcode	Form	Effect
0x01fc	erase rValue	Clear every value component.

Operands And Semantics

The register releases or clears scalar storage, decimal/string/binary payloads, attributes, object type, flags, and reference associations, then becomes a zero/empty value. The operation is semantically the same as null.

Signals

This instruction does not signal.

Example

.globals=0

main() .locals=1
    load r0,"temporary"
    erase r0
    ret

Related

null, move, endlife.

load

Load a scalar literal or bind one register slot to another.

Forms

Opcode	Form	Effect
0x0001	load rDestination,integer	Set integer payload.
0x0002	load rDestination,float	Set float payload.
0x0003	load rDestination,"string"	Set string payload from constant.
0x0004	load rDestination,rSource	Rebind destination slot to source value.
0x0005	load rDestination,decimal	Parse decimal constant through the plugin.
0x0006	load destinationIndex,sourceIndex	Rebind raw numbered register slots.
0x0007	load destinationIndex,rSource	Bind raw numbered slot to register value.
0x00b7	load rDestination,binary	Replace binary payload with literal bytes.

Operands And Semantics

Integer and float forms write only that scalar payload. String and binary forms replace their payload. Decimal form replaces the decimal payload using the current decimal context. Register forms change the frame’s register-pointer table persistently: later reads and writes through the destination access the same complete value as the source until another binding operation changes it; they are not copies. Raw indexes are zero-based and are not checked.

Signals

Binary allocation failure raises FAILURE. Decimal parsing propagates the decimal plugin’s signal. Other forms do not signal; invalid raw register indexes are not translated into a VM signal.

Example

.globals=0

main() .locals=1
    load r0,42
    ret

Related

copy, link, unlink, loadsettp.

loadsettp

Load a scalar literal and set its externally writable status flags atomically.

Forms

Opcode	Form	Effect
0x0206	loadsettp rDestination,integer,flags	Load integer and replace public flags.
0x0207	loadsettp rDestination,float,flags	Load float and replace public flags.
0x0208	loadsettp rDestination,"string",flags	Load string and update public flag bands.

Operands And Semantics

Only compiler, library, and user flag bands are writable. Integer and float forms replace all public-writable flags with the masked literal and discard VM-private/reserved bits. The string form replaces its payload but uses band-aware public write: VM-private flags survive, a zero public request clears all public bands, and nonzero requested bands replace only those bands. Other payloads and attributes remain intact.

Signals

These forms do not signal; string allocation failure is fatal. Bits outside the public-writable masks are ignored.

Example

.globals=0

main() .locals=1
    loadsettp r0,7,65536
    ret

Related

load, settp, setortp, gettp.

move

Transfer a complete value and its owned storage to another register.

Forms

Opcode	Form	Effect
0x01fd	move rDestination,rSource	Move the value, then reinitialize source.

Operands And Semantics

The destination’s old storage is destroyed, then all scalar payloads, buffers, attributes, type metadata, flags, and reference associations transfer from the source. The source becomes an empty initialized value. When both operands resolve to the same value, the instruction is a no-op. This mnemonic is retained for source compatibility but marked deprecated by the VM.

Signals

This instruction does not signal.

Example

.globals=0

main() .locals=2
    load r1,"value"
    move r0,r1
    ret

Related

copy, erase, swap.

null

Reset a register to the VM’s empty value state.

Forms

Opcode	Form	Effect
0x000e	null rValue	Clear every value component.

Operands And Semantics

All payloads and owned storage, attributes, object metadata, status flags, and reference associations are cleared or released. The register remains allocated and can be reused immediately. This has the same runtime implementation as erase.

Signals

This instruction does not signal.

Example

.globals=0

main() .locals=1
    load r0,9
    null r0
    ret

Related

erase, move, endlife.